PSI Scientific Committee Webinar: Heart Failure Trials: Novel Estimands and Methodologies to Evaluate Therapies based on the Totality of Evidence
Heart failure (HF) is a common and global health problem affecting approx. 2% of adults in developed countries. Good news is that with new treatments on the market, HF has been converted from a short-term and quickly fatal condition to a chronic disease, which is characterized by recurrent non-fatal events (HF hospitalizations) and relatively low disease-related mortality. Classical heart failure trials have used a composite primary endpoint of cardiovascular (CV) death and HF hospitalization. This endpoint was then analyzed using a ‘time to first composite event’ analysis.
Various limitations of this endpoint have been raised in recent years. Among others, the ‘time to first composite event’ endpoint is thought to not fully capture the disease burden as it ignores all events that occur after the first event. Given that a number of recent large HF outcome trials have failed to show a clinical benefit for patients using the traditional endpoint, clinical teams are reviewing novel endpoints that better capture clinical benefit and which adapt to the changing disease profile.
In this session, we will discuss some of the recently proposed estimands and their associated analysis methods, ranging from composite endpoints of recurrent HF hospitalizations (HFH) and death to joint frailty models for recurrent HFH and death. We will illustrate these approaches based on various case-studies and discuss benefits as well as limitations from an academic, regulatory and industry perspective.
Application of Recurrent Events Methodology in Cardiovascular Trials
Dr. Brian Claggett (Harvard Medical School)
We describe a range of alternative models for recurrent events data collected in cardiovascular trials. We consider their applicability and interpretation from a medical context and illustrate them using data from a particular trial.
The Totality of Evidence: Is More the Same as Better?
Dr. Bruce Binkowitz (Merck)
Analysis of time to first event is a long held tradition for trials in the cardiovascular area, including heart failure. Yet subjects in these studies can experience more than 1 event. Recent literature has focused on utilizing all events experienced by each subject as a way of increasing efficiency through having to enroll less subjects, use less investigator sites, and save money. Consideration for examining all events further extends to measuring total patient burden, cost effectiveness, and most importantly, capturing the best picture of a subject's condition and therefore the best potential therapy. This presentation will discuss how analyzing total events isn't as simple as designing a traditional time to first event study and, for example, running an Anderson-Gill extension to a Cox PH model on all events. Examples will be taken from actual trials including a trial examining subjects with acute decompensated heart failure.
Recurrent or Multiple Event Analyses in Cardiovascular Trials
Dr. H.M. James Hung, US FDA
In cardiovascular or renal trials that we have seen in regulatory applications, major adverse clinical events are almost always assessed using analysis of time to first occurrence of the events. As some component events occur much more frequently, such as hospitalizations, during the trial, the analysis that includes all the events may improve statistical efficiency and capture disease burden of patients more properly. In this talk, I shall share a number of regulatory experiences with recurrent or multiple event analyses to give my insights into the possible values of such analysis and to stipulate the issues that need more attention.
Registration fee: None
This webinar is free of charge. However, attendees must register on the PSI website in order to obtain the dial-in details and the webinar link.
We do encourage your participation. If you have questions relating to this webinar, or any of the listed talks, ahead of the webinar, please email them to Mouna.Akacha@novartis.com
We will do our best to discuss them at the webinar.
PSI Scientific Committee Webinar: Heart Failure Trials: Novel Estimands and Methodologies to Evaluate Therapies based on the Totality of Evidence
Heart failure (HF) is a common and global health problem affecting approx. 2% of adults in developed countries. Good news is that with new treatments on the market, HF has been converted from a short-term and quickly fatal condition to a chronic disease, which is characterized by recurrent non-fatal events (HF hospitalizations) and relatively low disease-related mortality. Classical heart failure trials have used a composite primary endpoint of cardiovascular (CV) death and HF hospitalization. This endpoint was then analyzed using a ‘time to first composite event’ analysis.
Various limitations of this endpoint have been raised in recent years. Among others, the ‘time to first composite event’ endpoint is thought to not fully capture the disease burden as it ignores all events that occur after the first event. Given that a number of recent large HF outcome trials have failed to show a clinical benefit for patients using the traditional endpoint, clinical teams are reviewing novel endpoints that better capture clinical benefit and which adapt to the changing disease profile.
In this session, we will discuss some of the recently proposed estimands and their associated analysis methods, ranging from composite endpoints of recurrent HF hospitalizations (HFH) and death to joint frailty models for recurrent HFH and death. We will illustrate these approaches based on various case-studies and discuss benefits as well as limitations from an academic, regulatory and industry perspective.
Application of Recurrent Events Methodology in Cardiovascular Trials
Dr. Brian Claggett (Harvard Medical School)
We describe a range of alternative models for recurrent events data collected in cardiovascular trials. We consider their applicability and interpretation from a medical context and illustrate them using data from a particular trial.
The Totality of Evidence: Is More the Same as Better?
Dr. Bruce Binkowitz (Merck)
Analysis of time to first event is a long held tradition for trials in the cardiovascular area, including heart failure. Yet subjects in these studies can experience more than 1 event. Recent literature has focused on utilizing all events experienced by each subject as a way of increasing efficiency through having to enroll less subjects, use less investigator sites, and save money. Consideration for examining all events further extends to measuring total patient burden, cost effectiveness, and most importantly, capturing the best picture of a subject's condition and therefore the best potential therapy. This presentation will discuss how analyzing total events isn't as simple as designing a traditional time to first event study and, for example, running an Anderson-Gill extension to a Cox PH model on all events. Examples will be taken from actual trials including a trial examining subjects with acute decompensated heart failure.
Recurrent or Multiple Event Analyses in Cardiovascular Trials
Dr. H.M. James Hung, US FDA
In cardiovascular or renal trials that we have seen in regulatory applications, major adverse clinical events are almost always assessed using analysis of time to first occurrence of the events. As some component events occur much more frequently, such as hospitalizations, during the trial, the analysis that includes all the events may improve statistical efficiency and capture disease burden of patients more properly. In this talk, I shall share a number of regulatory experiences with recurrent or multiple event analyses to give my insights into the possible values of such analysis and to stipulate the issues that need more attention.
Registration fee: None
This webinar is free of charge. However, attendees must register on the PSI website in order to obtain the dial-in details and the webinar link.
We do encourage your participation. If you have questions relating to this webinar, or any of the listed talks, ahead of the webinar, please email them to Mouna.Akacha@novartis.com
We will do our best to discuss them at the webinar.
PSI Scientific Committee Webinar: Heart Failure Trials: Novel Estimands and Methodologies to Evaluate Therapies based on the Totality of Evidence
Heart failure (HF) is a common and global health problem affecting approx. 2% of adults in developed countries. Good news is that with new treatments on the market, HF has been converted from a short-term and quickly fatal condition to a chronic disease, which is characterized by recurrent non-fatal events (HF hospitalizations) and relatively low disease-related mortality. Classical heart failure trials have used a composite primary endpoint of cardiovascular (CV) death and HF hospitalization. This endpoint was then analyzed using a ‘time to first composite event’ analysis.
Various limitations of this endpoint have been raised in recent years. Among others, the ‘time to first composite event’ endpoint is thought to not fully capture the disease burden as it ignores all events that occur after the first event. Given that a number of recent large HF outcome trials have failed to show a clinical benefit for patients using the traditional endpoint, clinical teams are reviewing novel endpoints that better capture clinical benefit and which adapt to the changing disease profile.
In this session, we will discuss some of the recently proposed estimands and their associated analysis methods, ranging from composite endpoints of recurrent HF hospitalizations (HFH) and death to joint frailty models for recurrent HFH and death. We will illustrate these approaches based on various case-studies and discuss benefits as well as limitations from an academic, regulatory and industry perspective.
Application of Recurrent Events Methodology in Cardiovascular Trials
Dr. Brian Claggett (Harvard Medical School)
We describe a range of alternative models for recurrent events data collected in cardiovascular trials. We consider their applicability and interpretation from a medical context and illustrate them using data from a particular trial.
The Totality of Evidence: Is More the Same as Better?
Dr. Bruce Binkowitz (Merck)
Analysis of time to first event is a long held tradition for trials in the cardiovascular area, including heart failure. Yet subjects in these studies can experience more than 1 event. Recent literature has focused on utilizing all events experienced by each subject as a way of increasing efficiency through having to enroll less subjects, use less investigator sites, and save money. Consideration for examining all events further extends to measuring total patient burden, cost effectiveness, and most importantly, capturing the best picture of a subject's condition and therefore the best potential therapy. This presentation will discuss how analyzing total events isn't as simple as designing a traditional time to first event study and, for example, running an Anderson-Gill extension to a Cox PH model on all events. Examples will be taken from actual trials including a trial examining subjects with acute decompensated heart failure.
Recurrent or Multiple Event Analyses in Cardiovascular Trials
Dr. H.M. James Hung, US FDA
In cardiovascular or renal trials that we have seen in regulatory applications, major adverse clinical events are almost always assessed using analysis of time to first occurrence of the events. As some component events occur much more frequently, such as hospitalizations, during the trial, the analysis that includes all the events may improve statistical efficiency and capture disease burden of patients more properly. In this talk, I shall share a number of regulatory experiences with recurrent or multiple event analyses to give my insights into the possible values of such analysis and to stipulate the issues that need more attention.
Registration fee: None
This webinar is free of charge. However, attendees must register on the PSI website in order to obtain the dial-in details and the webinar link.
We do encourage your participation. If you have questions relating to this webinar, or any of the listed talks, ahead of the webinar, please email them to Mouna.Akacha@novartis.com
We will do our best to discuss them at the webinar.
PSI Scientific Committee Webinar: Heart Failure Trials: Novel Estimands and Methodologies to Evaluate Therapies based on the Totality of Evidence
Heart failure (HF) is a common and global health problem affecting approx. 2% of adults in developed countries. Good news is that with new treatments on the market, HF has been converted from a short-term and quickly fatal condition to a chronic disease, which is characterized by recurrent non-fatal events (HF hospitalizations) and relatively low disease-related mortality. Classical heart failure trials have used a composite primary endpoint of cardiovascular (CV) death and HF hospitalization. This endpoint was then analyzed using a ‘time to first composite event’ analysis.
Various limitations of this endpoint have been raised in recent years. Among others, the ‘time to first composite event’ endpoint is thought to not fully capture the disease burden as it ignores all events that occur after the first event. Given that a number of recent large HF outcome trials have failed to show a clinical benefit for patients using the traditional endpoint, clinical teams are reviewing novel endpoints that better capture clinical benefit and which adapt to the changing disease profile.
In this session, we will discuss some of the recently proposed estimands and their associated analysis methods, ranging from composite endpoints of recurrent HF hospitalizations (HFH) and death to joint frailty models for recurrent HFH and death. We will illustrate these approaches based on various case-studies and discuss benefits as well as limitations from an academic, regulatory and industry perspective.
Application of Recurrent Events Methodology in Cardiovascular Trials
Dr. Brian Claggett (Harvard Medical School)
We describe a range of alternative models for recurrent events data collected in cardiovascular trials. We consider their applicability and interpretation from a medical context and illustrate them using data from a particular trial.
The Totality of Evidence: Is More the Same as Better?
Dr. Bruce Binkowitz (Merck)
Analysis of time to first event is a long held tradition for trials in the cardiovascular area, including heart failure. Yet subjects in these studies can experience more than 1 event. Recent literature has focused on utilizing all events experienced by each subject as a way of increasing efficiency through having to enroll less subjects, use less investigator sites, and save money. Consideration for examining all events further extends to measuring total patient burden, cost effectiveness, and most importantly, capturing the best picture of a subject's condition and therefore the best potential therapy. This presentation will discuss how analyzing total events isn't as simple as designing a traditional time to first event study and, for example, running an Anderson-Gill extension to a Cox PH model on all events. Examples will be taken from actual trials including a trial examining subjects with acute decompensated heart failure.
Recurrent or Multiple Event Analyses in Cardiovascular Trials
Dr. H.M. James Hung, US FDA
In cardiovascular or renal trials that we have seen in regulatory applications, major adverse clinical events are almost always assessed using analysis of time to first occurrence of the events. As some component events occur much more frequently, such as hospitalizations, during the trial, the analysis that includes all the events may improve statistical efficiency and capture disease burden of patients more properly. In this talk, I shall share a number of regulatory experiences with recurrent or multiple event analyses to give my insights into the possible values of such analysis and to stipulate the issues that need more attention.
Registration fee: None
This webinar is free of charge. However, attendees must register on the PSI website in order to obtain the dial-in details and the webinar link.
We do encourage your participation. If you have questions relating to this webinar, or any of the listed talks, ahead of the webinar, please email them to Mouna.Akacha@novartis.com
We will do our best to discuss them at the webinar.
PSI Scientific Committee Webinar: Heart Failure Trials: Novel Estimands and Methodologies to Evaluate Therapies based on the Totality of Evidence
Heart failure (HF) is a common and global health problem affecting approx. 2% of adults in developed countries. Good news is that with new treatments on the market, HF has been converted from a short-term and quickly fatal condition to a chronic disease, which is characterized by recurrent non-fatal events (HF hospitalizations) and relatively low disease-related mortality. Classical heart failure trials have used a composite primary endpoint of cardiovascular (CV) death and HF hospitalization. This endpoint was then analyzed using a ‘time to first composite event’ analysis.
Various limitations of this endpoint have been raised in recent years. Among others, the ‘time to first composite event’ endpoint is thought to not fully capture the disease burden as it ignores all events that occur after the first event. Given that a number of recent large HF outcome trials have failed to show a clinical benefit for patients using the traditional endpoint, clinical teams are reviewing novel endpoints that better capture clinical benefit and which adapt to the changing disease profile.
In this session, we will discuss some of the recently proposed estimands and their associated analysis methods, ranging from composite endpoints of recurrent HF hospitalizations (HFH) and death to joint frailty models for recurrent HFH and death. We will illustrate these approaches based on various case-studies and discuss benefits as well as limitations from an academic, regulatory and industry perspective.
Application of Recurrent Events Methodology in Cardiovascular Trials
Dr. Brian Claggett (Harvard Medical School)
We describe a range of alternative models for recurrent events data collected in cardiovascular trials. We consider their applicability and interpretation from a medical context and illustrate them using data from a particular trial.
The Totality of Evidence: Is More the Same as Better?
Dr. Bruce Binkowitz (Merck)
Analysis of time to first event is a long held tradition for trials in the cardiovascular area, including heart failure. Yet subjects in these studies can experience more than 1 event. Recent literature has focused on utilizing all events experienced by each subject as a way of increasing efficiency through having to enroll less subjects, use less investigator sites, and save money. Consideration for examining all events further extends to measuring total patient burden, cost effectiveness, and most importantly, capturing the best picture of a subject's condition and therefore the best potential therapy. This presentation will discuss how analyzing total events isn't as simple as designing a traditional time to first event study and, for example, running an Anderson-Gill extension to a Cox PH model on all events. Examples will be taken from actual trials including a trial examining subjects with acute decompensated heart failure.
Recurrent or Multiple Event Analyses in Cardiovascular Trials
Dr. H.M. James Hung, US FDA
In cardiovascular or renal trials that we have seen in regulatory applications, major adverse clinical events are almost always assessed using analysis of time to first occurrence of the events. As some component events occur much more frequently, such as hospitalizations, during the trial, the analysis that includes all the events may improve statistical efficiency and capture disease burden of patients more properly. In this talk, I shall share a number of regulatory experiences with recurrent or multiple event analyses to give my insights into the possible values of such analysis and to stipulate the issues that need more attention.
Registration fee: None
This webinar is free of charge. However, attendees must register on the PSI website in order to obtain the dial-in details and the webinar link.
We do encourage your participation. If you have questions relating to this webinar, or any of the listed talks, ahead of the webinar, please email them to Mouna.Akacha@novartis.com
We will do our best to discuss them at the webinar.
PSI Scientific Committee Webinar: Heart Failure Trials: Novel Estimands and Methodologies to Evaluate Therapies based on the Totality of Evidence
Heart failure (HF) is a common and global health problem affecting approx. 2% of adults in developed countries. Good news is that with new treatments on the market, HF has been converted from a short-term and quickly fatal condition to a chronic disease, which is characterized by recurrent non-fatal events (HF hospitalizations) and relatively low disease-related mortality. Classical heart failure trials have used a composite primary endpoint of cardiovascular (CV) death and HF hospitalization. This endpoint was then analyzed using a ‘time to first composite event’ analysis.
Various limitations of this endpoint have been raised in recent years. Among others, the ‘time to first composite event’ endpoint is thought to not fully capture the disease burden as it ignores all events that occur after the first event. Given that a number of recent large HF outcome trials have failed to show a clinical benefit for patients using the traditional endpoint, clinical teams are reviewing novel endpoints that better capture clinical benefit and which adapt to the changing disease profile.
In this session, we will discuss some of the recently proposed estimands and their associated analysis methods, ranging from composite endpoints of recurrent HF hospitalizations (HFH) and death to joint frailty models for recurrent HFH and death. We will illustrate these approaches based on various case-studies and discuss benefits as well as limitations from an academic, regulatory and industry perspective.
Application of Recurrent Events Methodology in Cardiovascular Trials
Dr. Brian Claggett (Harvard Medical School)
We describe a range of alternative models for recurrent events data collected in cardiovascular trials. We consider their applicability and interpretation from a medical context and illustrate them using data from a particular trial.
The Totality of Evidence: Is More the Same as Better?
Dr. Bruce Binkowitz (Merck)
Analysis of time to first event is a long held tradition for trials in the cardiovascular area, including heart failure. Yet subjects in these studies can experience more than 1 event. Recent literature has focused on utilizing all events experienced by each subject as a way of increasing efficiency through having to enroll less subjects, use less investigator sites, and save money. Consideration for examining all events further extends to measuring total patient burden, cost effectiveness, and most importantly, capturing the best picture of a subject's condition and therefore the best potential therapy. This presentation will discuss how analyzing total events isn't as simple as designing a traditional time to first event study and, for example, running an Anderson-Gill extension to a Cox PH model on all events. Examples will be taken from actual trials including a trial examining subjects with acute decompensated heart failure.
Recurrent or Multiple Event Analyses in Cardiovascular Trials
Dr. H.M. James Hung, US FDA
In cardiovascular or renal trials that we have seen in regulatory applications, major adverse clinical events are almost always assessed using analysis of time to first occurrence of the events. As some component events occur much more frequently, such as hospitalizations, during the trial, the analysis that includes all the events may improve statistical efficiency and capture disease burden of patients more properly. In this talk, I shall share a number of regulatory experiences with recurrent or multiple event analyses to give my insights into the possible values of such analysis and to stipulate the issues that need more attention.
Registration fee: None
This webinar is free of charge. However, attendees must register on the PSI website in order to obtain the dial-in details and the webinar link.
We do encourage your participation. If you have questions relating to this webinar, or any of the listed talks, ahead of the webinar, please email them to Mouna.Akacha@novartis.com
We will do our best to discuss them at the webinar.
An introductory course giving an overview of the pharmaceutical industry and the drug development process as a whole, aimed at those with 1-3 years' experience. It comprises of six 2-day sessions covering a range of topics including Research and Development, Toxicology, Data Management and the Role of a CRO, Clinical Trials, Reimbursement, and Marketing.
Our monthly webinar explores examples of innovative data visualisations relevant to our day to day work. Each month a new dataset is provided from a clinical trial or other relevant example, and participants are invited to submit a graphic that communicates interesting and relevant characteristics of the data.
Who is this event intended for? Statisticians with an interest understanding dose-finding in oncology. What is the benefit of attending? Learn about the state of oncology dose finding, particularly in light of current FDA guidance.
The book club’s usual focus is to read and discuss professional development books. In this short format event you can more easily develop you career without the commitment of reading the whole book - simply listen to the 1-hour long podcast before joining the interactive session on 21 May.
This webinar will review recent methods, applications, and tools of integrating subject-level-data from clinical trial with external data using Bayesian methods and/or causal inference methods.
This networking event is aimed at statisticians that are new to the pharmaceutical industry who wish to meet colleagues from different companies and backgrounds.
This course is aimed at biostatisticians with no or some pediatric drug development experience who are interested to further their understanding. We will give you an introduction to the pediatric drug development landscape. This will include identifying the key regulations and processes governing pediatric development, a discussion on the needs and challenges when conducting pediatric research and a focus on the ways to overcome these challenges from a statistical perspective.
This networking event is aimed at statisticians that are new to the pharmaceutical industry who wish to meet colleagues from different companies and backgrounds.
This networking event is aimed at statisticians that are new to the pharmaceutical industry who wish to meet colleagues from different companies and backgrounds.
The Institute of Cancer Research are seeking to appoint a Research Group Leader to join The CRUK Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit at the ICR.
The BioMarin internship programme will enable students to gain valuable experience and knowledge of the processes and systems within BioMarin, whilst gaining an insight into the pharmaceutical/biotech industry.
About cookies on this site
We use cookies to collect and analyse information on site performance and usage, to provide social media features and to enhance and customise content and advertisements.
About cookies on this site
Cookies used on the site are categorized and below you can read about each category and allow or deny some or all of them. When categories than have been previously allowed are disabled, all cookies assigned to that category will be removed from your browser. Additionally you can see a list of cookies assigned to each category and detailed information in the cookie declaration.
Necessary cookies
Some cookies are required to provide core functionality. The website won't function properly without these cookies and they are enabled by default and cannot be disabled.
CookieHub is a Consent Management Platform (CMP) which allows users to control storage and processing of personal information.
Cloudflare is a global network designed to make everything you connect to the Internet secure, private, fast, and reliable.
Amazon Web Services offers a broad set of global cloud-based products including compute, storage, databases, analytics, networking, mobile, developer tools, management tools, IoT, security, and enterprise applications.
Microsoft Azure is a cloud computing platform offering a wide range of services, including virtual machines, databases, and AI tools.
Preferences
Preference cookies enables the web site to remember information to customize how the web site looks or behaves for each user. This may include storing selected currency, region, language or color theme.
Analytical cookies
Analytical cookies help us improve our website by collecting and reporting information on its usage.
Google Analytics is a web analytics service offered by Google that tracks and reports website traffic.
Vimeo, Inc. is an American video hosting, sharing, services provider, and broadcaster. Vimeo focuses on the delivery of high-definition video across a range of devices.
Cookies used on the site are categorized and below you can read about each category and allow or deny some or all of them. When categories than have been previously allowed are disabled, all cookies assigned to that category will be removed from your browser. Additionally you can see a list of cookies assigned to each category and detailed information in the cookie declaration.
Necessary cookies
Some cookies are required to provide core functionality. The website won't function properly without these cookies and they are enabled by default and cannot be disabled.
| Name | Hostname | Vendor | Expiry |
|---|---|---|---|
| ARRAffinity | .psiweb.org | Session | |
This cookie is set by websites run on the Windows Azure cloud platform. It is used for load balancing to make sure the visitor page requests are routed to the same server in any browsing session. | |||
| ARRAffinitySameSite | .psiweb.org | Session | |
Used to distribute traffic to the website on several servers in order to optimize response times. | |||
| __cf_bm | .vimeo.com | Cloudflare, Inc. | 1 hour |
The __cf_bm cookie supports Cloudflare Bot Management by managing incoming traffic that matches criteria associated with bots. The cookie does not collect any personal data, and any information collected is subject to one-way encryption. | |||
| _cfuvid | .vimeo.com | Session | |
Used by Cloudflare WAF to distinguish individual users who share the same IP address and apply rate limits | |||
| __cf_bm | .glueup.com | Cloudflare, Inc. | 1 hour |
The __cf_bm cookie supports Cloudflare Bot Management by managing incoming traffic that matches criteria associated with bots. The cookie does not collect any personal data, and any information collected is subject to one-way encryption. | |||
| AWSALBTGCORS | psi.glueup.com | 7 days | |
AWS Classic Load Balancer Cookie: Load Balancing Cookie: Used to map the session to the instance. Same value as AWSELB. | |||
| PHPSESSID | psi.glueup.com | Session | |
Cookie generated by applications based on the PHP language. This is a general purpose identifier used to maintain user session variables. It is normally a random generated number, how it is used can be specific to the site, but a good example is maintaining a logged-in status for a user between pages. | |||
| History.store | Session | ||
| cookiehub | .psiweb.org | CookieHub | 365 days |
Used by CookieHub to store information about whether visitors have given or declined the use of cookie categories used on the site. | |||
Preferences
Preference cookies enables the web site to remember information to customize how the web site looks or behaves for each user. This may include storing selected currency, region, language or color theme.
| Name | Hostname | Vendor | Expiry |
|---|---|---|---|
| vuid | .vimeo.com | 400 days | |
These cookies are used by the Vimeo video player on websites. | |||
| AWSALBCORS | psi.glueup.com | 7 days | |
Amazon Web Services cookie. This cookie enables us to allocate server traffic to make the user experience as smooth as possible. A so-called load balancer is used to determine which server currently has the best availability. The information generated cannot identify you as an individual. | |||
Analytical cookies
Analytical cookies help us improve our website by collecting and reporting information on its usage.
| Name | Hostname | Vendor | Expiry |
|---|---|---|---|
| _ga_ | .psiweb.org | 400 days | |
Contains a unique identifier used by Google Analytics 4 to determine that two distinct hits belong to the same user across browsing sessions. | |||
| _ga | .psiweb.org | 400 days | |
Contains a unique identifier used by Google Analytics to determine that two distinct hits belong to the same user across browsing sessions. | |||
